X-ray diagnostic apparatus — the General name of the set of devices used for receiving x-ray radiation and its application for diagnosis. The composition of the x-ray diagnostic apparatus has a device for generating radiation (emitter and power supply device), tripods, receivers of radiation. Emitter — an x-ray source typically consists of an x-ray tube and the protective casing, filled with insulating oil. In portable and mobile devices in radiator also includes high voltage transformer, rectifiers and filament transformer; such an emitter is called a monoblock. X-ray power supply device is a set of blocks required to power the emitter electrical energy control of electrical parameters of the device, protection and control. Part of the circuit feeding the device, ensuring the regulation and the supply voltage to the x-ray tube, called the main chain. Tripod apparatus are used for relative orientation and displacement depending on the objectives of the study the emitter of the patient and of the radiation receiver. The radiation receiver — a device for converting x-ray radiation passed through the object, the visible image or an electrical signal. The radiation detector may be a fluorescent screen, image intensifier or a cassette with intensifying screens and film, the digital detector. Self importance is a group of devices that are used for the formation of radiation fields arranged depending on the destination on the radiator, tripod, or the radiation receiver. Form the radiation into space of the diaphragm, tubes and filter rasters. Automatic x-ray exposure meters and stabilizers brightness (or dose volume) form a radiation field in time and directly connected with the supply unit.
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For the mutual orientation in space of the radiator, the patient and the radiation receiver are stative-mechanical device, the design of which is determined primarily by the purpose of the unit and the area of its application. For the purpose of x-ray apparatuses are divided into stationaries preventive, General and specialized diagnostics, mobile and portable. Stationary devices for prevention research include x-ray apparatus for the examination of the lungs and other organs. Apparatus for common diagnostics are available in two forms: local control and remote control. The remote-controlled device, of course, necessarily contains an image intensifier and a television channel. When using this device, the radiologist doesn't need to be in the radiation zone near the patient in a rotary table-tripod. In devices with direct control of the radiologist during fluoroscopy is about procedural image intensifier. Stationary special devices for diagnosis are classified depending on the target organ and objectives of the study on angiographic, dental, urologic, surgical, apparatus for mammography, the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Depending on investigation techniques allocate devices for imaging, ortopantomography. A special class of devices are devices for reconstruction computational imaging. Mobile equipment is divided into fluorographs, devices for research in the wards and operating rooms. To this class also includes folding devices for General diagnostics in field, military field and other conditions. Portable equipment is designed for emergency diagnostics at home, in field and other transient conditions.
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Types of x-ray machines
Design type x-ray installation can be:
- stationary,
- mobile,
- portable.
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By appointment: special and General purpose. The latter include:
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fluorographs,
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scanners,
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angiography,
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mammography.
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The use of x-ray equipment:
- In dentistry – to identify abnormalities of the teeth (tooth cyst, root injury), the diagnosis of hidden inflammatory processes. Ortopantomografy allow to obtain a panoramic image of the jaw.
- For investigation of chest organs and the skeletal system is used fluorograph.
- The angiograph is used to obtain the anatomical pattern of the vessels and identify abnormalities (aneurysms, patency).
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Other applications:
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neurointerventionalist,
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mammography,
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urology.
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Significantly reduce the radiation dose allowed digital x-ray machines. They are advanced medical complexes that help in the study of all organs and accurate diagnosis. Low cost compact models makes them available for clinics, diagnostic centres and veterinary dispensaries of any level.