Basically, all fluorographs feature a similar construction.

Their main components are as follows:

• A fluorography device. СThere are fluorographs with lens and mirror optics. More common is the optical lens system, which is currently used in fluorographs exclusively for the pulmonary studies. Mirror optics became widespread in the second half of the fifties. The difference between the two optical systems consists in that they use elements of different construction. Both of them comprise a fine grid, a fluorescent screen, an optical system, cassettes for storing unexposed and exposed films, a film-moving device, and a fluorography cone. 
• Fine grid  is used to eliminate scattered radiation. Its dimensions are 42 x 42 cm, for the focal length of 100 mm. 
• Fluorescent screen  has generally a size of 40 x 40 cm. It usually fluoresces with yellow-green light. Recently, the screens fluorescing with bluish light are applied. The luminous power of screens used in fluorographs is 25% higher than the aperture of normal fluorescent screens.
• Optical system. When using the lens optics, the image appearing on a screen is projected onto the film with a lens, the same as in the lens system used in photo cameras, and in the mirror optics, a concave mirror is used instead of a lens. 
• The cassettes  are charged and discharged in a dark room, but they can be inserted into a fluorograph and removed therefrom only in daylight. They are designed for the length of roll films such as 1, 6, 3, 30, and 50 m. 
• The film-moving device when used in lens optics operates manually. The fluorographs with mirror optics have individual cassettes for moving film by hand and with motor. A cassette with manual film movement is designed for 3 m, a motorized cassette — for 30 m, and a quick serial shots cassette — for 3 m of roll film, i.e. with one cassette, it is possible to produce 420 or 40 frames. 
• Fluorography cone. A fluorography cone is used to ensure uniformity of the distance between the lens and the image on the screen. When using a lens system, the optics, the cassette, and the film-moving device are linked into a unified independent unit and connected to the treatment cone comprising a screen and a fine grid. In fluorography, the lenses with a very large aperture are applied, the field depth of which is small, which makes it necessary to maintain a very precise distance between the optics and the image. Even a slight change in the distance between the lens and the screen results in deterioration of sharpness. The fluorographs with mirror optics have a cassette and a film-moving device located in a separate unit that can be interconnected or retracted into the unit comprising a treatment cone, lens optics, a screen, and a fine grid.
• A photoelectric timer that automatically sets an exposure interval and an image-marking device are mounted on the fluorography cone. The cameras with the film width of 24 mm and 70 mm use for marking a name card, and with the film width of 31 mm — metal figures. 
• X-ray source (X-ray machine). To get a photofluorogram, medical specialists use in practice all known X-ray machines equipped with X-ray tubes having stationary and rotating anodes as well as all types of X-ray machines ranging from transformer units to six- and twelve-kenotron machines. To conduct mass examinations aimed to detect tuberculosis, the transformer units and the half-wave and four-kenotron X-ray machines are used. A half-wave X-ray machine equipped with an X-ray tube having a stationary anode can produce a maximum of 60 frames/hour. A four-kenotron machine equipped with an X-ray tube having a rotating anode can produce a maximum of 120 frames/hour, and a transformer unit — 90 frames/hour. For serial and quick serial shots, i.e. for the production of multiple images from the same patient within a short period, the six-, twelve-, and four-kenotron X-ray machines and X-ray tubes with a rotating anode are applied. 
• A mechanical appliance for the X-ray tube and fluorography part fixing. This appliance moves the X-ray tube and fluorography device in vertical and horizontal directions. There are fluorographs, the fluorography device (a treatment cone with accessories) and the X-ray tube of which are stationary, and a lifting platform changes the position of a tested patient. In most cases, a fluorography device and an X-ray tube have individual stands. They are balanced independently and interconnected for the comovement and convenient centering. The mechanical appliance must ensure an easy movement of the machine and should not prevent from moving a patient.